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The military field hospitals

Военные полевые госпитали

The military field hospitals

History of the Russian military surgery

History of the Russian military surgery has no such long roots, like the Egyptian, Indian and Arabic medicine. However, in the monuments of ancient Russian history preserved evidence of medical assistance to the wounded in military tent hospital. For example, a gold vase of Kerch excavations in the Hermitage (IV in. BC. E.) depicted the Scythians, bandaging the wounded one and removing painful tooth.

The first mention of the regimental healer lists related to the order of 1615.

 During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich (1645-1676) "at military tent hospital must be not only doctors, but also pharmacists and barbers ..." (Richter W. History of medicine in Russia. Moscow, 1814-1820).

 During the trip to Smolensk (1654) were collected 30 musketeer students and children to educate on surgery. Training of military doctors carried out by the Moscow medical school opened in 1654.

Training term officially was 5 years. During its existence the school has released 100 military doctors, but the theoretical training there has been insufficient and activities of the school itself has stopped (Samoilov O., 1997).

Already in the XVII century were common surgery wound closure, removal of foreign bodies from the wounds and bone fragments, amputation of limbs. Local treatment of wounds was carried out with the help of irrigation "sprayers" and ointment dressings.

Formation of medicine and surgery in Russia institutionalized in 1707. This year, by decree of Peter I in Moscow was opened the first hospital (now the Chief Military Hospital. N.N. Burdenko), marked the beginning of higher medical education in Russia. The head of the school for 27 years was a doctor of medicine N.L. Bidloo, who also taught anatomy and surgery.

The outstanding event in the history of medical education in Russia was the opening in 1798 of the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy for the training of military doctors.

In the period of Suvorov's campaigns in his was known head doctor Efim Belopolsky.

The founder of the Russian military surgery is Nikolai Pirogov, who became famous during the Crimean War. Pirogov was the chief surgeon of Sevastopol, beleaguered by Anglo-French troops. In addition to technical innovations for military tent hospitals (ether anesthesia, starch bandages) Pirogov was the first to apply medical triage of wounded and to sent them to the rear hospitals.

Mobile field hospital

Mobile field tent hospital provides essential services in emergency situations, it can be used in populated areas with poorly developed health care system.

Mobile tent hospitals demand by Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB.

Tasks of mobile tent hospitals:

operative medical examination, detection of the disease in the early stages of primary triage patients and sending them for treatment at the Central Military Hospital.

medical aid to the wounded and sick, and their quick return to operation during the fighting.

Criteria: rapid deployment, self-sufficiency (own air-conditioning system and power supply), mobility components throughput in all conditions, performance under extreme conditions.
The structure of the tent hospital included recreational facilities for staff, kitchen, laundry unit, toilet, shower, bedroom.

The tent hospital can be universal and specialized: dental, mammography / fluoroscopy, polyclinic, mobile laboratory, surgical, intensive care, CT, MRI, infectious, pediatrics, ophthalmology, radiology.