Humanity decided that infectious diseases were over after the discovery of penicillin. But the rules of evolution and gene drift were ignored. Mankind invents all new antibiotics, while microorganisms strengthen their walls, accelerate replication processes and mimic the cells of the host. According to the data, at least 700,000 people die each year due to drug-resistant infections. Microbes along with ineffective systems of biological protection and medicines have become equal problem with global climate change.
There is an increase in infectious morbidity in the hospitals in many countries, which is significantly associated with the spread of microorganisms resistant to various antibacterial drugs and biological protection systems.
In the intensive care unit, as well as in the burn departments, this microorganism can cause a variety of infectious complications: from hospital pneumonia to sepsis.
Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common antibiotic-resistant hospital pathogen.
This bacterium has mechanisms that provide resistance to the vast majority of antibiotics, to disinfectants, to drying, to ultraviolet irradiation. Its pathogenicity is due to the total effect on biological defense systems of a number of factors, one of which are thick cell wall.
Natural enemies of bacteria and needed artificial biological protection systems are viruses. The property of certain strains of viruses to kill specific types of bacteria was investigated at the beginning of the 20th century. Bacteriophages were discovered in 1915 by a British microbiologist Frederick Tuworth. The appearance of antibiotics discarded this method. The search for other ways of fighting resumed with the advent of multiresistant bacterial strains.
Scientists have investigated the lytic bacteriophages, which, after invasion in the bacterial cell and the reproduction period, destroy the bacterium from the inside. Lythic phages do not affect the normal microflora, do not activate biological defense systems, respectively, do not cause the development of dysbacteriosis processes. Bacteriophages are able to replicate till the destruction of all bacteria.
With the united work of Russian and Belarusian microbiologists, the organization of the genomes vB_AbaP_AS11 AS11 and vB_AbaP_AS12 AS12 was studied and the strategy of interaction of biological defense systems, viruses and bacterial cells was described. As a result, effective bacteriophages (AS11 and AS12) of the genus Fri1virus, subfamily Autographivirinae, family Podoviridae were found. The lytic activity of bacteriophages was tested on 100 clinical antibiotic-resistant strains of A. baumannii from 53 hospitals and 32 cities in Russia and Belarus. These phages are characterized by rapid adsorption to the bacterial host cell and high fecundity.
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