Liposome market is a promising pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical section, as these vesicles provide a dosed and organ-specific delivery of drugs with minimal side effects.
Similar cosmeceutical preparations were presented at the Healthcare Exhibition-2016 at the SEZ Dubna stand. The peculiarity of the presented systems of biological protection is that the residents of Dubna create the individual recipes taking into account the skin type and dermatological pathology, since absolutely any drug can be integrated into the liposome.
A liposome is a spherical vesicle with at least one lipid bilayer. Despite the molecular thickness of 4 nm, the lipid bilayer differs in mechanical strength and flexibility. For the practical application of liposomes and vesicles, their ability to retain within themselves and to disperse various substances in a dose-dependent manner is important.
Pharmacodynamics of liposomal drugs depends on the route of injection. The main way of deposition at subcutaneous injection is through the regional lymph nodes, which is the best way to treat the leukemia.
To increase the affinity of liposomes to certain organs and tissues they are made from phospholipids isolated from these organs, or specific antibodies are fixed on the surface. Glycolipids-gangliosides have an important role in the process of "recognition": the best receptor for brain tissue and liver is the sulfatide, for spleen tissues - gangliosides, for lung tissues – it is sphingomyelin.
Liposomal drugs, in comparison with traditional external drug forms, have a greater ability to penetrate the skin and hair - they are tropic to the hair follicles. It is established that liposomes intensify the processes of interaction of active substances with the skin, which activates the systems of biological protection.
Liposomal lecithin is a natural antioxidant, it is also increases the plasticity of cell membranes, serves as a source of phosphorus and acids, optimizes the processes of assimilation of many BAS. The components of liposomes - phosphatidylcholine or lecithin - have immunostimulating, antioxidant and radioprotective activity. These components are systems of biological protection of the cell from free radicals.
Liposomal drugs are used to deliver enzymes to the liver and to correct metabolic disorders in glycogenesis. On the market there are drugs for the treatment of intracellular parasitism (lipoid reticulosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, herpes of the 1st and 2nd types, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus), malaria and toxoplasmosis. Oncological systems of biological protection (methotrexate, doxorubicin, vincristine, vinblastine, actinomycin, L-asparaginase), antifungal amphotericin B, a number of peptides, polyene antibiotics, corticosteroids (cortisone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone) and bovine insulin have been released to the market.
Many liposomal systems of biological protection undergo the final stages of clinical trials: there are liposomal vaccines against influenza and melanoma, antiviral nucleosides for the treatment of AIDS, bronchodilators, etc.
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